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SQL Reserved Words
This section lists Yellowbrick keywords and explains how they can be used as identifiers. See also SQL Identifiers.
1. Strictly Reserved Keywords
These words are part of the SQL grammar and cannot be used as identifiers unless quoted. They may also be used as aliases if introduced with AS.
Rules
- As identifiers (tables, columns, schemas): must be "quoted".
- As aliases: must be "quoted" or introduced with
AS.
Example
sql
CREATE TABLE SELECT (id INT); -- ERROR
CREATE TABLE "SELECT" (id INT); -- OK
SELECT 1 "SELECT"; -- OK
SELECT 1 AS SELECT; -- OK
SELECT 1 SELECT; -- ERRORList of strictly reserved keywords
ALL
ANALYSE
ANALYZE
AND
ANY
ARRAY
AS
ASC
ASYMMETRIC
AUTOANALYZE
BOTH
CASE
CAST
CHECK
CLUSTER
COLLATE
COLUMN
CONSTRAINT
CREATE
CURRENT_CATALOG
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_ROLE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURRENT_USER
DEFAULT
DEFERRABLE
DESC
DISTINCT
DISTRIBUTE
DO
ELSE
END
EXCEPT
FALSE
FETCH
FOR
FOREIGN
FROM
GRANT
GROUP
HAVING
IGNORE
IN
INITIALLY
INTERSECT
INTO
LATERAL
LEADING
LIMIT
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MINUS
NO
NOT
NULL
OFFSET
ON
ONLY
OR
ORDER
PARTITION
PLACING
PRIMARY
REFERENCES
RESPECT
RETURNING
SELECT
SESSION_USER
SNAPSHOT
SOME
SORT
SYMMETRIC
TABLE
THEN
TO
TRAILING
TRUE
UNION
UNIQUE
USER
USING
VARIADIC
WHEN
WHERE
WINDOW
WITH
YB_EXECUTION_ID
YB_FILESYS_NUMBER_FROM_ROWID
YB_HASHVAL
YB_INODE_NUMBER_FROM_ROWID
YB_ROW_NUMBER_FROM_ROWID
YB_WORKER_ID
YB_WORKER_ID_FROM_HASHVAL
YB_WORKER_ID_FROM_ROWID
YB_WORKER_UUID2. Other Keywords
These words are recognized by the SQL parser but are not strictly reserved. They may be used unquoted as table or column names, but they cannot be used as bare column aliases.
Rules
- As identifiers (tables, columns, schemas): can be used unquoted.
- As aliases: must be "quoted" or introduced with
AS.
Example
sql
CREATE TABLE VERBOSE (id INT); -- OK
CREATE TABLE "VERBOSE" (id INT); -- OK
SELECT 1 AS VERBOSE; -- OK
SELECT 1 "VERBOSE"; -- OK
SELECT 1 VERBOSE; -- ERRORList of other keywords
ABORT
ABSOLUTE
ACCESS
ACTION
ACTIVATE
ADD
ADMIN
ADVANCED
AFTER
AGGREGATE
ALGORITHM
ALLOWED_ROLES
ALSO
ALTER
ALWAYS
ANTI
ASSERTION
ASSIGNMENT
AT
ATTRIBUTE
AUDIENCE
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHORIZATION
AUTO_CREATE
AWS
AZP
AZURE
BACKUP
BACKUP2
BACKWARD
BEFORE
BEGIN
BETWEEN
BIGINT
BINARY
BIT
BOOLEAN
BUCKETS
BULK
BY
BYTEA
CACHE
CALL
CALLED
CANCEL
CASCADE
CASCADED
CATALOG
CHAIN
CHAR
CHARACTER
CHARACTERISTICS
CHECKPOINT
CLASS
CLOSE
CLUSTERING
COALESCE
COLLATION
COLUMN_ENCRYPTION_KEY
COMMENT
COMMENTS
COMMIT
COMMITTED
COMPUTE
CONCURRENTLY
CONFIGURATION
CONFLICT
CONNECTION
CONSTRAINTS
CONTENT
CONTINUE
CONTROL
CONVERSION
CONVERT
COPY
COST
CREDENTIAL
CROSS
CSV
CUBE
CURRENT
CURRENT_SCHEMA
CURSOR
CYCLE
DATA
DATABASE
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DAY
DDL
DEACTIVATE
DEALLOCATE
DEC
DECIMAL
DECLARE
DECODE
DEFAULTS
DEFAULT_CLUSTER
DEFERRED
DEFINER
DELETE
DELIMITER
DELIMITERS
DEPENDS
DESCRIBE
DETERMINISTIC
DICTIONARY
DISABLE
DISALLOWED_ROLES
DISCARD
DISTRIBUTION
DOCUMENT
DOMAIN
DOUBLE
DROP
EACH
ENABLE
ENABLED
ENCODING
ENCRYPTED
ENCRYPTION_TYPE
ENDPOINT
ENUM
ERROR
ESCAPE
EVENT
EXCLUDE
EXCLUDING
EXCLUSIVE
EXECUTE
EXISTS
EXPIRE_PASSWORD_AFTER_S
EXPIRE_USER_AFTER_S
EXPLAIN
EXTENSION
EXTERNAL
EXTRACT
FAMILY
FIELDS
FILTER
FIRST
FLATTEN
FLOAT
FOLLOWING
FORCE
FORMAT
FORWARD
FREEZE
FULL
FUNCTION
FUNCTIONS
GCP
GID
GLOBAL
GRANTED
GRANT_CLAIM
GREATEST
GROUPING
HANDLER
HASH
HASHJOIN
HEADER
HELP
HLL
HOLD
HOT_STANDBY
HOUR
IDENTITY
IDP
IF
IIF
ILIKE
IMMEDIATE
IMMUTABLE
IMPLICIT
IMPORT
INCLUDING
INCREMENT
INDEX
INDEXES
INHERIT
INHERITS
INLINE
INNER
INOUT
INPROGRESS
INPUT
INSENSITIVE
INSERT
INSTANCE
INSTEAD
INT
INTEGER
INTERVAL
INVOKER
IS
ISNULL
ISOLATED
ISOLATION
ISSUER
JOIN
JSON_ARRAY_STR
JSON_OBJECT_STR
JSON_TABLE
KEY
KRIS
LABEL
LANGUAGE
LARGE
LAST
LDAP
LEAKPROOF
LEAST
LEFT
LEVEL
LIKE
LINESEP
LIST
LISTEN
LOAD
LOCAL
LOCATION
LOCK
LOCKED
LOGGED
LOSS
MAINTENANCE
MAPPING
MATCH
MATERIALIZED
MAX
MAXVALUE
MAX_ATTEMPTS
MAX_REUSE
MAX_SIZE
MERGEJOIN
MINUTE
MINUTES
MINVALUE
MIN_DIGITS
MIN_LENGTH
MIN_LETTERS
MIN_LOWER_CASE
MIN_SYMBOLS
MIN_UPPER_CASE
MODE
MONTH
MOUNT
MOVE
NAME
NAMES
NATIONAL
NATURAL
NCHAR
NESTLOOP
NEXT
NFS
NOHASHJOIN
NOMERGEJOIN
NONE
NONESTLOOP
NOTHING
NOTIFY
NOTNULL
NOVERIFY
NOWAIT
NULLIF
NULLS
NUMERIC
NVL
NVL2
OBJECT
OBJECTS
OF
OFF
OIDS
OPERATOR
OPTION
OPTIONS
ORDINALITY
OUT
OUTER
OUTSIDE
OVER
OVERLAPS
OVERLAY
OWNED
OWNER
PARSER
PARTIAL
PARTITIONING
PARTITIONS
PASSING
PASSWORD
PASSWORD_POLICY
PATH
PAUSE
PLANS
POLICY
POOL
PORT
POSITION
PRECEDING
PRECISION
PREFIX
PREM
PREPARE
PREPARED
PRESERVE
PRIOR
PRIVILEGES
PROCEDURAL
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURES
PROFILE
PROGRAM
PROMOTE
QUERY
QUOTE
RANDOM
RANDOMIZED
RANGE
READ
READONLY
REAL
REASSIGN
RECHECK
RECURSIVE
REDISTRIBUTE
REF
REFRESH
REGION
REINDEX
RELATIVE
RELEASE
REMOTE
RENAME
REPEATABLE
REPLACE
REPLICA
REPLICATE
REPLICATION
REPRESENTATION
RESET
RESOURCE
RESTART
RESTORE
RESTORE2
RESTRICT
RESUME
RETENTION_AGE
RETENTION_SIZE
RETURNS
REVOKE
RIGHT
ROLE
ROLLBACK
ROLLUP
ROW
ROWS
ROWSTORE_FULL_ACTION
ROWSTORE_SIZE_LIMIT
RULE
SAMPLED
SAVEPOINT
SCHEMA
SCROLL
SEARCH
SECOND
SECONDS
SECRET
SECURITY
SEMI
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCES
SERIALIZABLE
SERVER
SERVICES
SESSION
SET
SETOF
SETS
SETTING
SETTINGS
SHARDS
SHARE
SHARED
SHOW
SIMILAR
SIMPLE
SKIP
SKIP_BINARY_TRANSCODING
SMALLINT
SORTING
SOURCE
SPECIAL
SQL
SSL
STABLE
STANDALONE
START
STATEMENT
STATISTICS
STDIN
STDOUT
STOP
STORAGE
STRICT
STRIP
SUBSTRING
SUFFIX
SUSPEND
SYSID
SYSTEM
SYSTEM_CLUSTER
TABLEDELETE
TABLES
TABLESAMPLE
TABLESPACE
TEMP
TEMPLATE
TEMPORARY
TEXT
TIME
TIMEOUT
TIMESTAMP
TRACE
TRANSACTION
TRANSFORM
TREAT
TRIGGER
TRIM
TRUNCATE
TRUST
TRUSTED
TYPE
TYPES
UID
UNBOUNDED
UNCOMMITTED
UNENCRYPTED
UNEXPANDED
UNKNOWN
UNLISTEN
UNLOAD
UNLOCK
UNLOCK_AFTER_S
UNLOGGED
UNTIL
UPDATE
USAGE
USE
USER_MAPPING_CLAIM
VACUUM
VALID
VALIDATE
VALIDATOR
VALUE
VALUES
VARBINARY
VARBYTE
VARCHAR
VARYING
VERBOSE
VERSION
VIEW
VIEWS
VOLATILE
WHITESPACE
WITHIN
WITHOUT
WLM
WORK
WRAPPER
WRITE
WRITEONLY
YAUTHORIZE
YB
YBACKUP2
YBULKLOAD
YBULKSETUP
YCATALOGBACKUP
YCATALOGRESTORE
YCOMPOSITESP
YCOPY
YEAR
YES
YFLUSH
YFSCK
YFSCKBH
YGC
YGCREWRITE
YNANOGC
YPARITYREBUILD
YPERMANENT
YREMEDIATEBLOCK
YRESTORE
YROLLBACK
YUNLOAD
YVACUUM
ZONE